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- SUMMARY
- BY TEXTBOOK Apri sottomenù
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BY TOPIC
Apri sottomenù
- S1 : Greenhouse effect
- S2 : Anthropogenic cause
- S3 : Future scenarios of temperature increases
- S4 : Impacts on Earth’s systems
- S5 : Impacts on economic and social systems
- E1 : Mitigation as a social dilemma
- E2 : Carbon pricing
- E3 : Discounting in reference to climate change
- E4 : Inequality in reference to climate change
- E5 : Social Cost of Carbon and IAMs
- E6 : Persistency & irreversibility in reference to climate change
- E7 : Climate decision-making under uncertainty
- E8 : Climate policies
- E9 : Behavioural issues in reference to climate change
- E10 : Adaptation and geoengineering
- SAMPLE LECTURE
- ABOUT US
S4 : Impacts on Earth’s systems
Any statement about the climate change impacts on the earth’s natural system will be recorded under this section. We will not take into account the mention of tipping points as it is included in E3.
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The build-up of greenhouse gases threatens to warm the oceans and near-surface air.
US-2-m
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If many people have experiences like this—say the Greenland ice sheet starts to rapidly melt, convincing millions of drivers to buy hybrids— then the market demand curve will experience a shift to the left.
US-3-m
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The UN report found that continued emission of greenhouse gases will cause further warming, increasing the likelihood of “severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts for people and ecosystems.”
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Carbon dioxide (CO2), which is primarily produced by burning fossil fuels, is a major contributor to global warming, damages marine life and causes additional harm.
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Greenhouse gases trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere leading to extreme weather patterns around the world—drought, flooding, extreme temperatures, destructive storm activity, and rising sea levels. Climate change inflicts huge costs and suffering [...] animal species are lost[...].
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In fact, both climatologists and the property insurance industry largely agree that extreme weather events have become more frequent as a result of climate change.
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Flooding of lowlying areas as the polar ice caps melt and sea levels rise, more extreme weather patterns, disruption of ecosystems, and reduced agricultural output.
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Even more threatening is the impact of climate change. A 2017 analysis finds that climate change could reduce Ethiopia’s coffee growing area 40–60 percent by the end of the century.
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Although no individual weather event can be linked conclusively to global climate change, more “extreme weather events” are likely to result from a global buildup of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases that contribute to planetary warming.
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climate change: long-term changes in global climate, including warmer temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, more extreme weather events, and rising sea levels.
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Climate change is also expected to result in more frequent and more intense tropical storms. The melting of polar ice caps and glaciers will contribute to rising sea levels. Sea levels are also rising because the volume of ocean water expands when it is heated.
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As we saw with climate change, dramatic ecological change may occur over the next several decades, including the extinction of numerous species. It is very difficult to predict whether ecosystems will be sustainable in the face of such dramatic changes.
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Such an increase in temperature could lead to significant changes in climate, which might result in more hurricanes and other violent weather conditions, disrupt farming in many parts of the world, and lead to increases in sea levels, which could result in flooding in coastal areas.
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According to a recent NASA study, the volume and area of the Arctic ice caps fluctuate from year to year based on atmospheric cycles, but the overall trend has been declining as average surface temperatures rise. Estimates show that the overall area covered by the thickest ice, known as multiyear ice, has been shrinking between 12% and 17% per decade over the past 30 years. Although melting sea ice does not raise sea levels because the ice is already floating, melting land ice (such as mountain glaciers and ice sheets) do raise sea levels as the water flows into the ocean, and this carries important consequences beyond the affected wildlife.
[...]
Studies reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predict that global sea levels will rise between 10 and 32 inches by the end of the century.
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There is scientific consensus that without a significant reduction in the production of greenhouse gases, which engulf the atmosphere and lead to global warming, irreversible damage to the climate, ecosystems, and coastlines will result.
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A sense of urgency surrounds climate change because the state of climate change science has advanced to the point where scientists are able to put probability estimates on certain impacts of warming, some of which are catastrophic. The major impacts of climate change are in the areas of food security, water resources, ecosystems, extreme weather events, and rising sea levels. The IPCC summarizes the consequences of climate change by listing five key "reasons for concern" as follows:
1. Unique and threatened systems: Many ecosystems are at risk, such as the diminishing Arctic sea ice and coral reefs, which leads to the extinction of species.
2. Extreme weather events: An increase in heat waves, heavy precipitation, and coastal flooding [...].
4. Global aggregate impacts: Extensive biodiversity loss [...].
5. Large-scale singular events: Melting ice sheets will lead to rising sea levels [...].
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Egypt has been suffering from acute water scarcity due to climate change and a rapid growth in population.
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Most scientists predict that absent a change in climate policy, major adverse consequences such as dramatically rising sea levels are likely.
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In June, scientists reported that Antarctica has lost 3 trillion tons of ice since 1992—yielding “enough water to cover Texas to a depth of nearly 13 feet,” the Associated Press reported.
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Some CO2 also gets absorbed into the oceans, increasing the acidity of the oceans and killing marine life.
US-2-M
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These costs include extreme weather, increased flooding, the disruption of agriculture, including crop failures, and more.
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Il est clair que le réchauffement climatique apparaît comme le cas ultime de tragédie des communs, le climat étant un bien public mondial, la ressource commune concernée la terre dans son ensemble, et l'enjeu la survie de l'espèce !
FR-4-M
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Un réchauffement substantiel serait catastrophique, provoquant une élévation importante du niveau des mers, des phénomènes climatiques extrêmes.
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Ce réchauffement va modifier la façon de vivre sur terre par de nombreux canaux, notamment la hausse du niveau des mers qui risque de détruire les zones côtières, des catastrophes naturelles plus fréquentes et une possible baisse des rendements agricoles.
FR-2-B
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Ce sont alors des mécanismes aux conséquences inconnues qui seraient enclenchés : fonte de la banquise et du permafrost, forte montée du niveau des océans, événements météorologiques extrêmes plus fréquents, etc. Autant de phénomènes ravageurs pour la faune et la flore [...].
[...]
Mais c'est le réchauffement climatique qui va en être la principale cause à l'avenir, alors qu'on estime qu'un quart des espèces de mammifères est menacé à moyen terme.
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Le développement durable implique une concertation internationale pour agir efficacement, et c'est particulièrement le cas en ce qui concerne le changement climatique puisque ses causes, l'émission des GES étant la principale, comme ses conséquences, telles que la montée du niveau des océans, sont mondiales.
FR-4-B
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Trois dossiers sont au centre des préoccupations : la destruction de la biodiversité (30% depuis 1970), la dégradation des écosystèmes (75 % des environnements terrestres et 40 % des environnements marins sont profondément altérés en 2019) […]