V-FARMS

Vertical Farms (or Plant Factories with Artificial Lighting, PFALs) are plant production facilities with a thermally insulated and nearly airtight warehouse like structure, where multiple culture layers with lamps on each shelf are vertically staked, allowing for season independent production. 

Several are the advantages of Vertical Farms:

• constant and high yield are possible throughout the year, with environmental factors controlled within the system;
• light improves quality, with accurate control of nutrients;
• no pesticides use, elevate land, water and nutrient use efficiency;
• easier logistic chain;
• wider choice of varieties and increased freshness;
• lower food waste, more uniform quality;
• high harvest index.

According to the last classification by Kozai et al. (2019), Vertical Farming or PFALs may be categorised into 3 different type according to their size:

• Micro-PFALs
• Mini-PFALs
• Large-PFALs

^{Kozai, Niu, Takagaki. (2019). Plant Factory. An Indoor Vertical Farming System for Efficient Quality Food Production. Academic Press.}