PANACEA is addressed at various target groups, both within and outside the partner institutions:
- university students and residents enrolled in Medical and Nursing Schools, as they need to learn placebo and nocebo effects with a more structured and evidence-based approach encompassing biology, cognitive and affective psychology, and social sciences;
- healthcare professionals (e.g., physicians with different backgrounds and specializations, nurses), as they need to improve knowledge and have standardized guidelines during their clinical practice on the use of placebo and nocebo effects;
- academic professors and VET trainers, as they need to update their knowledge and to have support in their teaching programme on placebo/nocebo effect;
- researchers in biomedical, psychological, and pharmacological fields, who would like to be always updated about placebo and nocebo effects.
ECHOO broadens this scope, addressing all health consumers across two interconnected communities:
- the internal university community, including students from all faculties, faculty members, and administrative staff, regardless of their age, educational background, or disciplinary field, who need accessible, evidence-based education on the meaning, mechanisms, and clinical relevance of placebo and nocebo effects;
- the external community, comprising the general population outside universities, including patients and citizens in public and clinical settings, who are reached through civic engagement initiatives and benefit from knowledge disseminated by trained university community members acting as informed advocates.
