Risk from carcinogens and mutagens

Carcinogens and mutagens are chemical agents that can cause cancer and genetic mutation, or increase their incidence, in potentially exposed individuals.

The CLP (Classification, Labelling and Packaging) Regulation classifies carcinogens into 3 categories:

• Category 1A – Substances known to have carcinogenic potential for humans
• Category 1B – Substances presumed to have carcinogenic potential for humans
• Category 2 – Substances suspected to have carcinogenic potential for humans

The CLP Regulation classifies mutagenic substances into 3 categories:

• Category 1A – Substances known to induce heritable mutations in the germ cells of humans
• Category 1B – Substances to be regarded as if they induce heritable mutations in the germ cells of humans
• Category 2 – Substances which cause concern for humans owing to the possibility that they may induce heritable mutations in the germ cells of humans

Legislative Decree 81/08, Title IX, Chapter II, “Protection against carcinogens and mutagens”, contains specific and strict requirements for the protection of workers potentially exposed to carcinogens and mutagens, given the hazard they pose to human health.

Carcinogenic and mutagenic substances or mixtures are present in a variety of settings, including: 

• Raw materials (e.g. agriculture, petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries, electroplating, research laboratories) 

By-products of certain activities (e.g. stainless steel welding, road surfacing, rubber production).

The first and most important measure to be taken is replacing carcinogens and mutagens with chemical agents not posing that hazard. Only if replacement is not possible will it be necessary to take preventive and protective measures to minimise exposure, thanks in particular to technology such as glove boxes, closed systems and local extractors capable of ensuring containment.

Using carcinogens and mutagens also requires:

• Training on how to behave properly;
• Instruction on work procedures;
• Proper use of personal protective equipment.

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(MANCANO ALLEGATI)

Manuale di sicurezza in laboratorio chimico

Agenti cancerogeni e mutageni. Lavorare sicuri - edizione 2024