Electromagnetic field risk

In occupational safety, the acronym ‘EFE’ refers to electromagnetic radiation with a frequency between 0 Hz and 300 GHz. Consideration is given to direct biophysical effects and known indirect effects caused by electromagnetic fields, while long-term effects and the risk from contact with live conductors are excluded from the scope.

Pursuant to Legislative Decree 81/08, Title VIII, Chapter IV, in order to protect workers from electromagnetic field exposure (EFE), employers are required to assess all risks arising from electromagnetic fields at work. Preventive and protective measures are also described.

In principle, anyone using electromagnetic field-generating equipment is exposed. Home equipment (including personal computers, Wi-Fi systems and domestic appliances) are regarded as justifiable sources and have no adverse health effects. Conversely, greater consideration must be given to industrial or medical equipment.

A careful risk assessment based on the analysis of the equipment and working methods is the first and most important preventive and protective measure.

Technical and organisational risk minimisation measures can include the following:

• Other working methods that entail less exposure to electromagnetic fields;
• The choice of equipment emitting less intense electromagnetic fields, taking account of the work to be done;
• Technical measures to reduce the emission of electromagnetic fields, including, where necessary, the use of interlocks, shielding or similar health protection mechanisms;
• Appropriate maintenance programmes for work equipment, workplaces and workstations;
• Design and layout of workplaces and workstations;
• Limitation of the duration and intensity of the exposure;
• Availability of adequate personal protective equipment;
• Appropriate measures to limit or control access, such as signals, labels, floor markings and barriers;
• Measures and procedures to manage spark discharges and contact currents through technical means and through the training of workers.