This section explains the definition of terms that guided the extraction of the policies. It is important to emphasize that multiple definitions exist, and different definitions often relate to different disciplinary background.
Definitions
Public policy: public policy includes actions of government and/or public agencies to convert competing private objectives into public commitments, and includes decisions not to take action. Public policies are purposeful decisions made by authoritative actors in a political system who have the formal responsibility for making binding choices among societal goals. Public policy is a form of government control usually expressed in a law, a regulation, or an order. Since it reflects an intent of government, it is backed by an authorized reward, incentive or penalty (Cochran and Malone, 2005, page 13).
Food policy: any government action that can affect the food system concerning production and its inputs, package, process, trade, retail and consumption, and the disposal of waste.
Innovation: implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or process, a new marketing method, or a new organisational method in business practices, workplace organisation or external relations (EU SCAR, 2012).
(R&)Innovation activity: all scientific, technological, organisational, financial and commercial steps that actually, or intend to, lead to the implementation of innovations (EU SCAR, 2012).
FNS-R&I policy: any government action that funds, stimulate or directs R&I to promote innovation for food systems.